在 C++ 中查找数组中的最大值
本文将介绍如何在 C++ 中查找数组中的最大值。
使用迭代法在 C++ 数组中查找最大值
实现用于最大值搜索的自定义函数的直接方法是使用迭代方法。以下示例代码具有 for
循环结构,该结构循环遍历数组的每个元素并检查当前值是否大于当前最大值。请注意,当前最大值使用数组中第一个元素的值进行初始化,并在 if
条件评估为真时进行修改。
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <sys/time.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void generateNumbers(int arr[], size_t &width){
std::srand(std::time(nullptr));
for (size_t i = 0; i < width; i++) {
arr[i] = std::rand();
}
}
template<typename T>
T FindMax(T *arr, size_t n)
{
int max = arr[0];
for (size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (arr[j] > max) {
max = arr[j];
}
}
return max;
}
float time_diff(struct timeval *start, struct timeval *end){
return (end->tv_sec - start->tv_sec) + 1e-6*(end->tv_usec - start->tv_usec);
}
int main() {
struct timeval start{};
struct timeval end{};
size_t width = 100000;
int *arr = new int[width];
generateNumbers(arr, width);
gettimeofday(&start, nullptr);
cout << "Maximum element is: " << FindMax(arr, width) << endl;
gettimeofday(&end, nullptr);
printf ("FindMax: %0.8f sec\n",
time_diff(&start, &end));
delete [] arr;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出:
Maximum element is: 2147460568
FindMax: 0.00017500 sec
使用 std::max_element
算法在 C++ 数组中查找最大值
std::max_element
是另一种在给定范围内查找最大值的方法。它是 STL 算法的一部分,最简单的重载只需要两个迭代器来表示要搜索的范围边界。std::max_element
返回一个迭代器到最大值元素。如果多个元素具有相同的值并且同时恰好是最大值,则该函数返回指向第一个元素的迭代器。
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <sys/time.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void generateNumbers(int arr[], size_t &width){
std::srand(std::time(nullptr));
for (size_t i = 0; i < width; i++) {
arr[i] = std::rand();
}
}
template<typename T>
T FindMax2(T *arr, size_t n)
{
return *std::max_element(arr, arr+n);
}
float time_diff(struct timeval *start, struct timeval *end){
return (end->tv_sec - start->tv_sec) + 1e-6*(end->tv_usec - start->tv_usec);
}
int main() {
struct timeval start{};
struct timeval end{};
size_t width = 100000;
int *arr = new int[width];
generateNumbers(arr, width);
gettimeofday(&start, nullptr);
cout << "Maximum element is: " << FindMax2(arr, width) << endl;
gettimeofday(&end, nullptr);
printf ("FindMax2: %0.8f sec\n",
time_diff(&start, &end));
delete [] arr;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出:
Maximum element is: 2147413532
FindMax2: 0.00023700 sec
使用 std::minmax_element
算法在 C++ 数组中查找最大值
或者,我们可以使用 STL 中的 std::minmax_element
算法来查找给定范围内的最小和最大元素,并将它们作为 std::pair
返回。minmax_element
函数可以选择将自定义二进制比较函数作为第三个参数。否则,它具有与 max_element
相同的参数,并且当在范围内找到多个最小/最大元素时,它的行为类似。
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <sys/time.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void generateNumbers(int arr[], size_t &width){
std::srand(std::time(nullptr));
for (size_t i = 0; i < width; i++) {
arr[i] = std::rand();
}
}
template<typename T>
auto FindMinMax(T *arr, size_t n)
{
return std::minmax_element(arr, arr+n);
}
float time_diff(struct timeval *start, struct timeval *end){
return (end->tv_sec - start->tv_sec) + 1e-6*(end->tv_usec - start->tv_usec);
}
int main() {
struct timeval start{};
struct timeval end{};
size_t width = 100000;
int *arr = new int[width];
generateNumbers(arr, width);
gettimeofday(&start, nullptr);
auto ret = FindMinMax(arr, width);
gettimeofday(&end, nullptr);
cout << "MIN element is: " << *ret.first
<< " MAX element is: " << *ret.second << endl;
printf ("FindMinMax: %0.8f sec\n",
time_diff(&start, &end));
delete [] arr;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出:
MIN element is: 3843393 MAX element is: 2147251693
FindMinMax: 0.00000400 sec
Founder of DelftStack.com. Jinku has worked in the robotics and automotive industries for over 8 years. He sharpened his coding skills when he needed to do the automatic testing, data collection from remote servers and report creation from the endurance test. He is from an electrical/electronics engineering background but has expanded his interest to embedded electronics, embedded programming and front-/back-end programming.
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