如何在 C++ 中對 Map 進行迭代
-
使用
while
迴圈在std::map
元素上迭代 -
使用傳統的
for
迴圈在std::map
元素上迭代 -
使用基於範圍的
for
迴圈迭代std::map
元素 -
使用基於範圍的 for 迴圈迭代
std::map
鍵-值對
本文將解釋如何在 C++ 中使用多種方法對 map
進行迭代。
使用 while
迴圈在 std::map
元素上迭代
首先,我們定義一個臨時對映結構 tempMap
,並在其中填充任意的鍵/值對,我們將在 stdout
輸出,以更好地展示建議的解決方案。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::map;
int main() {
map<int, string> tempMap = {{1, "Apple",},
{2, "Banana",},
{3, "Mango",},
{4, "Raspberry",},
{5, "Blackberry",},
{6, "Cocoa",}};
auto iter = tempMap.begin();
while (iter != tempMap.end()) {
cout << "[" << iter->first << ","
<< iter->second << "]\n";
++iter;
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
輸出:
[1,Apple]
[2,Banana]
[3,Mango]
[4,Raspberry]
[5,Blackberry]
[6,Cocoa]
請注意,我們使用 auto
型別指定符來宣告 std::map
迭代器,因為為了可讀性,推薦使用這種方法。它是 map<int, string>::iterator
,可以顯式指定。
使用傳統的 for
迴圈在 std::map
元素上迭代
現在,讓我們用傳統的 for
迭代來實現同樣的迴圈,這可以說是在可讀性上最差的。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::map;
int main() {
map<int, string> tempMap = {{1, "Apple",},
{2, "Banana",},
{3, "Mango",},
{4, "Raspberry",},
{5, "Blackberry",},
{6, "Cocoa",}};
for (auto iter = tempMap.begin(); iter != tempMap.end(); ++iter){
cout << "[" << iter->first << ","
<< iter->second << "]\n";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
使用基於範圍的 for
迴圈迭代 std::map
元素
一段時間以來,基於範圍的迴圈一直是 C++ 程式設計師的普遍選擇。如果你的編譯器支援 C++11 版本,那麼你就不用再考慮傳統的繁瑣迴圈了,可以欣賞下面這個例子的優雅。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::map;
int main() {
map<int, string> tempMap = {{1, "Apple",},
{2, "Banana",},
{3, "Mango",},
{4, "Raspberry",},
{5, "Blackberry",},
{6, "Cocoa",}};
for (const auto &item : tempMap) {
cout << "[" << item.first << "," << item.second << "]\n";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
使用基於範圍的 for 迴圈迭代 std::map
鍵-值對
這個版本從 C++17 標準開始定義,以在關聯容器中提供更靈活的迭代。與之前的例子相比,該方法的主要優勢在於方便地訪問 map
結構中的鍵值,這也保證了程式設計師更好的可讀性。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::map;
int main() {
map<int, string> tempMap = {{1, "Apple",},
{2, "Banana",},
{3, "Mango",},
{4, "Raspberry",},
{5, "Blackberry",},
{6, "Cocoa",}};
for (const auto& [key, value] : tempMap) {
cout << "[" << key << "," << value << "]\n";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Founder of DelftStack.com. Jinku has worked in the robotics and automotive industries for over 8 years. He sharpened his coding skills when he needed to do the automatic testing, data collection from remote servers and report creation from the endurance test. He is from an electrical/electronics engineering background but has expanded his interest to embedded electronics, embedded programming and front-/back-end programming.
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